Advanced Oncology Certified Nurse Practitioner (AOCNP) Certification Practice Test

What is the first-line emergency treatment for cardiac tamponade?

1. Surgical drainage

2. Ultrasound guided pericardiocentesis

3. Pericardial window

4. Medication administration

The correct answer is: Ultrasound guided pericardiocentesis

The first-line emergency treatment for cardiac tamponade is ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis. This procedure involves using imaging guidance to accurately insert a needle into the pericardial space and aspirate the fluid that is causing the compression of the heart. Pericardiocentesis is preferred as an initial intervention because it is a minimally invasive procedure that can quickly relieve pressure on the heart, stabilize the patient, and improve hemodynamic status. By using ultrasound guidance, healthcare providers can enhance the accuracy and safety of the procedure, reducing the risk of complications such as puncturing the heart or other thoracic structures. While surgical drainage and pericardial window are also effective methods to address cardiac tamponade, these are typically considered in more chronic or recurrent cases or when pericardiocentesis has failed. Medication administration, on the other hand, is not a direct treatment for cardiac tamponade, as it does not address the underlying issue of fluid accumulation within the pericardial space. Therefore, ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis stands out as the most immediate and effective response to this acute condition.