Advanced Oncology Certified Nurse Practitioner (AOCNP) Certification Practice Test

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When do TLS symptoms typically manifest after chemotherapy initiation?

1-3 days
1-5 days
4-7 days
5-10 days

The correct answer is: 1-5 days

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) symptoms typically manifest within 1 to 5 days after chemotherapy initiation. TLS occurs when a large number of cancer cells are rapidly destroyed by chemotherapy or radiation therapy, leading to the release of intracellular contents into the bloodstream. This rapid cell turnover results in metabolic abnormalities such as hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hypocalcemia. The critical period for the onset of TLS symptoms is generally observed within this 1 to 5-day window post-treatment when the effects of chemotherapy are most pronounced and the risk of metabolic derangement is highest. Patients receiving aggressive treatment for hematologic malignancies or those with a high tumor burden are particularly susceptible, making monitoring for TLS during this timeframe essential for timely intervention and prevention of complications.