Advanced Oncology Certified Nurse Practitioner (AOCNP) Certification Practice Test

Which granulocytes are most notable for responding to infection?

1. B lymphocytes

2. T lymphocytes

3. Neutrophils and bands

4. Eosinophils

The correct answer is: Neutrophils and bands

Neutrophils and bands are the granulocytes most notable for responding to infection, particularly bacterial infections. Neutrophils are a key component of the innate immune system and act as the primary responders to pathogens. They are characterized by their ability to quickly migrate to sites of infection, engulf pathogens through phagocytosis, and release enzymes and reactive oxygen species that help kill and digest invading microbes. Bands, also known as band neutrophils, are immature forms of neutrophils that are released into the bloodstream during instances of acute infection, indicating a response to increased demand for these immune responders. In contrast, B and T lymphocytes are part of the adaptive immune response, which becomes active after the initial response and is more specific to particular pathogens. Eosinophils, while they play a role in the immune response, are primarily associated with combating parasitic infections and are also involved in allergic reactions. They are not the first responders to typical bacterial infections, which highlights why neutrophils, particularly in their mature and immature forms, are the most notable granulocytes responding to infection.