Advanced Oncology Certified Nurse Practitioner (AOCNP) Certification Practice Test

Which is NOT a complication of hypercalcemia treatment?

1. Bone demineralization

2. Renal failure

3. Muscle cramps

4. Fluid overload

The correct answer is: Muscle cramps

Muscle cramps are not typically regarded as a complication of hypercalcemia treatment. In the management of hypercalcemia, particularly when utilizing hydration and diuretics, muscle cramps can occur, but they are more commonly associated with electrolyte imbalances, such as hypokalemia, rather than being a direct complication of treating hypercalcemia itself. On the other hand, complications such as bone demineralization and renal failure are significant concerns. Bone demineralization can occur due to the underlying condition causing hypercalcemia, such as malignancy, and may be exacerbated by certain treatments aimed at lowering calcium levels. Renal failure is a potential complication because excessive calcium levels can impair kidney function, and the treatment itself (e.g., use of diuretics for promoting calcium excretion) can lead to dehydration and renal impairment if not managed properly. Fluid overload is a noteworthy complication as well—particularly in cases where aggressive hydration is employed to mitigate hypercalcemia. If a patient has pre-existing heart or renal conditions, excessive fluid administration can lead to an overload situation, resulting in complications such as pulmonary edema. Understanding these risk factors and complications highlights the importance of careful assessment and monitoring during the treatment of hypercalcemia.