Advanced Oncology Certified Nurse Practitioner (AOCNP) Certification Practice Test

What component is released in large amounts during Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS)?

1. Sodium

2. Uric acid

3. Calcium

4. Chloride

The correct answer is: Uric acid

During Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS), a significant breakdown of tumor cells occurs, often following chemotherapy or radiation treatment. This massive cell destruction leads to the rapid release of intracellular contents into the bloodstream. One of the key components released in large amounts is uric acid. As tumor cells die, they release purines - the building blocks of DNA and RNA. When these purines are further metabolized, they are converted into uric acid, which can accumulate in the blood. This buildup can lead to hyperuricemia, which is a hallmark of TLS and can result in acute kidney injury if not managed appropriately. Therefore, the connection of high uric acid levels to TLS is critical in understanding the pathophysiology and complications associated with this condition. In contrast, while sodium, calcium, and chloride are also important electrolytes in the body, they do not experience the same dramatic increase during TLS as uric acid does. The primary concern in TLS management focuses on the prevention and treatment of hyperuricemia to avoid renal complications.