Advanced Oncology Certified Nurse Practitioner (AOCNP) Certification Practice Test

What does intrinsic obstruction typically refer to in the context of SVC syndrome?

1. Thrombosis

2. Mediastinal mass

3. Cardiac tamponade

4. Pulmonary embolism

The correct answer is: Thrombosis

In the context of Superior Vena Cava (SVC) syndrome, intrinsic obstruction specifically refers to conditions that cause blockage from processes occurring within the SVC itself. This commonly includes thrombosis, where a blood clot forms in the veins, leading to obstruction of blood flow through the SVC. Thrombosis can arise from various factors, including malignancies or the placement of central lines, which can predispose individuals to clot formation in the veins. Other conditions listed, such as a mediastinal mass, contribute to extrinsic obstruction, where external structures compress the SVC. Cardiac tamponade involves fluid accumulation in the pericardial space, impacting heart function but not directly obstructing the SVC. Pulmonary embolism generally refers to blockage in the pulmonary arteries caused by clots traveling through the bloodstream and does not characterize intrinsic obstruction of the SVC. Thus, focusing specifically on how intrinsic factors like thrombosis directly obstruct the SVC provides clarity on why this answer is appropriate in the context of the question regarding SVC syndrome.