Advanced Oncology Certified Nurse Practitioner (AOCNP) Certification Practice Test

What intrinsic obstruction might contribute to extravasation risk?

1. Small veins

2. Enlarging tumor mass

3. Language barriers

4. Hydration needs

The correct answer is: Enlarging tumor mass

The enlarging tumor mass is directly related to intrinsic obstruction that can increase the risk of extravasation during intravenous (IV) therapy. As a tumor grows, it may compress or invade surrounding tissues, including blood vessels. This can lead to narrowed veins and create turbulent flow within the vasculature, which can complicate the delivery of IV fluids and medications. If a practitioner attempts to administer IV therapy in the vicinity of a growing tumor, there is a higher chance that the vein could be compromised, leading to extravasation—where the injected substances leak into the surrounding tissue rather than remaining within the vein. This is a significant concern in oncology, as it can cause pain, inflammation, and tissue damage. The other options, while they might have relevance in a broader context, do not specifically relate to intrinsic obstructions that directly increase the risk of extravasation. For example, small veins may contribute to difficulties in IV placement but are not a direct obstruction caused by a pathological condition like a tumor. Language barriers and hydration needs do not affect the physical attributes of the venous system in a way that would increase the risk of extravasation.