Advanced Oncology Certified Nurse Practitioner (AOCNP) Certification Practice Test

What is the more common complication in hematologic malignancies that can lead to sepsis?

1. Bacteremia

2. Leukemia

3. Lymphoma

4. Anemia

The correct answer is: Bacteremia

Bacteremia is a more common complication in hematologic malignancies that can lead to sepsis due to the immunocompromised state of patients affected by these conditions. Hematologic malignancies, such as leukemias and lymphomas, often result in bone marrow infiltration, which can compromise the production of normal blood cells, particularly leukocytes (white blood cells) that are crucial for fighting infections. When there is a reduction in these vital immune cells, patients become increasingly prone to infections. Bacteremia, which is the presence of bacteria in the bloodstream, can directly trigger a systemic inflammatory response, leading to sepsis. This is especially critical in patients undergoing chemotherapy or those with advanced disease, as their immune systems are particularly weakened, increasing the risk of infectious complications. Leukemia and lymphoma are types of hematologic malignancies, but they describe the diseases themselves rather than complications. While anemia can accompany these malignancies, it does not directly lead to sepsis as bacteremia does. In summary, the risk of bacteremia is heightened in patients with hematologic malignancies, making it the more direct complication that can precipitate sepsis.