Advanced Oncology Certified Nurse Practitioner (AOCNP) Certification Practice Test

What is the most common cause of increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?

1. Vascular malformations

2. Space occupying lesions

3. Hydrocephalus

4. Septic meningitis

The correct answer is: Space occupying lesions

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) is a critical condition that can lead to severe outcomes if not managed appropriately. The most common cause of increased ICP is space-occupying lesions. These lesions can include tumors, abscesses, hematomas, or other masses that physically take up space within the cranial cavity. The presence of a space-occupying lesion increases the volume of material in the skull, which in turn raises the pressure within the intracranial compartment. When a mass occupies space in the cranial cavity, it creates a direct displacement of normal brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid, leading to an increase in intracranial pressure. This can compromise cerebral blood flow, result in vascular damage, and ultimately lead to brain tissue hypoxia, edema, and herniation if not addressed promptly. In contrast, while conditions like hydrocephalus, septic meningitis, and vascular malformations can also lead to increased ICP, they are not as frequently the primary cause. Hydrocephalus involves the accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid, which can indeed increase pressure, but it often falls secondary to structural abnormalities or injury. Septic meningitis can lead to inflammation and edema, potentially raising ICP as well, but its incidence