Advanced Oncology Certified Nurse Practitioner (AOCNP) Certification Practice Test

Which antineoplastic drug is known to potentially cause pericardial effusions?

1. Paclitaxel

2. Gemcitabine

3. Doxorubicin

4. Cisplatin

The correct answer is: Gemcitabine

Gemcitabine is recognized for its potential to cause pericardial effusions. This side effect may be linked to the drug's impact on endothelial cells and other tissues, leading to inflammation and accumulation of fluid in the pericardial space. The mechanism by which gemcitabine induces this complication is an area of ongoing research, but it is known to be associated with other cardiovascular effects as well. Recognition of this potential side effect is critical for monitoring patients receiving gemcitabine, as timely intervention can prevent progression of pericardial effusions and related complications. Other antineoplastic agents listed, such as paclitaxel and doxorubicin, have their own side effect profiles but are less commonly associated with pericardial effusion specifically. Cisplatin may lead to various fluid-related issues, but pericardial effusion is not one of the most notable or documented effects associated with its use. Therefore, gemcitabine stands out as the primary agent linked with this particular cardiovascular complication.