Advanced Oncology Certified Nurse Practitioner (AOCNP) Certification Practice Test

Which of the following conditions can lead to impaired organ function and systemic dysfunction?

1. Chronic pain

2. Sepsis

3. Benign tumors

4. Infection only

The correct answer is: Sepsis

Sepsis is a critical condition characterized by a dysregulated immune response to infection that can lead to widespread inflammation, tissue damage, and organ dysfunction. It occurs when the body reacts to an infection by releasing a cascade of mediators into the bloodstream, which can result in a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). The consequences of sepsis may include impaired blood flow, inadequate oxygen delivery, and subsequent failure of one or more organ systems, such as the kidneys, liver, lungs, or cardiovascular system. The systemic effects of sepsis can lead to complications such as septic shock, which is associated with markedly low blood pressure and increased mortality. Because it directly impacts multiple organ systems, sepsis is recognized as a significant cause of systemic dysfunction and acute organ failure. In contrast, while chronic pain can affect a person's quality of life and may contribute to psychological issues, it does not inherently impair organ function. Benign tumors are generally non-cancerous and usually do not metastasize or significantly affect organ function unless they exert pressure on surrounding tissues. An infection, when localized and adequately treated, may not cause systemic dysfunction, as systemic effects typically arise from more severe or untreated infections leading to sepsis. Thus, among the options provided, sepsis is the