Advanced Oncology Certified Nurse Practitioner (AOCNP) Certification Practice Test

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Which of these factors can lead to reduced renal clearance of calcium, thus increasing hypercalcemia risk?

High fluid intake
Dehydration
Calcium supplementation
Balanced diet

The correct answer is: Dehydration

Reduced renal clearance of calcium, which can increase the risk of hypercalcemia, is significantly influenced by dehydration. When an individual is dehydrated, the kidneys conserve water in the body, leading to more concentrated urine. This can decrease the excretion of various solutes, including calcium. As a result, the body retains more calcium, which can contribute to elevated serum calcium levels and increase the risk of hypercalcemia. In contrast, factors such as high fluid intake typically promote increased urine output and enhance renal clearance, helping to eliminate excess calcium from the body. Calcium supplementation may also elevate calcium levels but does not inherently reduce renal clearance. A balanced diet provides adequate nutrition and does not specifically interfere with the renal handling of calcium in a way that promotes hypercalcemia.