Advanced Oncology Certified Nurse Practitioner (AOCNP) Certification Practice Test

Which risk factor is associated with hypercalcemia?

1. Decreased hydration

2. Parathyroid hormone releasing tumors

3. Muscle atrophy

4. Increased potassium intake

The correct answer is: Parathyroid hormone releasing tumors

The association of hypercalcemia with parathyroid hormone releasing tumors is grounded in the understanding of how calcium homeostasis is regulated by the parathyroid hormone (PTH). Parathyroid hormone is secreted by the parathyroid glands and plays a crucial role in maintaining calcium balance in the body. When a tumor secretes parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP), it mimics the action of PTH, leading to an increase in calcium release from the bones, increased calcium reabsorption in the kidneys, and enhanced intestinal absorption of calcium. This results in elevated levels of calcium in the bloodstream, characteristic of hypercalcemia. In contrast, factors such as decreased hydration can contribute to hypercalcemia by concentrating calcium levels but are not a direct cause. Muscle atrophy does not directly influence calcium levels, nor does increased potassium intake have a recognized relationship with hypercalcemia. Understanding the mechanisms behind these associations is crucial for effectively managing and treating conditions related to hypercalcemia in oncology patients.