Advanced Oncology Certified Nurse Practitioner (AOCNP) Certification Practice Test

Which sympathomimetic agent is commonly used to treat hypersensitivity reactions?

1. Epinephrine

2. Albuterol

3. Dexamethasone

4. Diphenhydramine

The correct answer is: Epinephrine

Epinephrine is commonly used to treat hypersensitivity reactions, particularly in cases of anaphylaxis. This sympathomimetic agent works by stimulating alpha and beta adrenergic receptors, leading to several physiological effects that are critical in managing severe allergic reactions. When administered, epinephrine causes vasoconstriction, which helps to counteract the hypotension and shock that can occur during anaphylaxis. It also relaxes bronchial smooth muscle, which helps relieve symptoms of bronchospasm and difficulty breathing. Additionally, it decreases vascular permeability, which aids in reducing swelling and other edema associated with allergic reactions. Other agents listed serve different purposes. Albuterol is primarily a bronchodilator used to relieve bronchospasm, particularly in asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but does not address the systemic symptoms of anaphylaxis effectively. Dexamethasone is a corticosteroid that can reduce inflammation and immune responses, but it does not provide immediate relief during an acute reaction. Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine that can help alleviate allergic symptoms but is not a first-line treatment for life-threatening hypersensitivity reactions like anaphylaxis.